Tugas No.5 dan 6 Hukum Pranata Pembangunan

6.Hukum perikatan dalam jasa konstruksi. Cari contoh kontrak kerja bidang konstruksi (bahas perjanjian & sanksi yang diberikan bila terjadi pelanggaran dalam kontrak
A.KONTRAK KERJA KONSTRUKSI

Sesuai Pasal 22 Peraturan Pemerintah 29 Tahun 2000 tentang Penyelenggaraan Jasa Konstruksi, Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi sekurang-kurangnya memuat dokumen-dokumen yang meliputi :
a. Surat Perjanjian;
b. Dokumen Lelang;
c. Usulan atau Penawaran;
d. Berita Acara berisi kesepakatan antar pengguna jasa dan penyedia jasa selama proses evaluasi oleh pengguna jasa antara lain klarifikasi atas hal-hal yang menimbulkan keragu-raguan;
e. Surat Perjanjian dari pengguna jasa menyatakan menerima atau menyetujui usulan penawaran dari penyedia jasa; dan
f. Surat pernyataan dari penyedia jasa yang menyatakan kesanggupan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan.

Sementara itu dokumen kontrak untuk pekerjaan-pekerjaan konstruksi jalan dan jembatan dengan dengan sistem Pelelangan Nasional (National/Local Competitive Bidding) dalam urutan prioritas terdiri dari :
a. Surat Perjanjian termasuk Adendum Kontrak (bila ada);
b. Surat Penunjukan Pemenang Lelang;
c. Surat Penawaran;
d. Adendum Dokumen Lelang;
e. Data Kontrak;
f. Syarat-syarat Kontrak;
g. Spesifikasi;
h. Gambar-gambar;
i. Daftar Kuantitas dan harga yang telah diisi harga penawarannya;
j. Dokumen lain yang tercantum dalam Data Kontrak pembentuk bagian dari kontrak;

Sedangkan untuk kontrak-kontrak dengan sistem Pelelangan Internasional (International Competitive Bidding), dokumen kontrak tersebut secara urutan prioritas meliputi :
a. the Contract Agreement;
b. the Letter of Acceptance;
c. the Bid and the Appendix to Bid;
d. the Conditions of Contract, Part II;
e. the Conditions of Contract, Part I;
f. the Specifications;
g. the Drawings;
h. the priced Bill of Quantities; and
i. other documents, as listed in the Appendix to Bid.

Keppres N0. 80/2003 memuat ketentuan mengenai dokumen kontrak sebagai berikut :

Kontrak terdiri dari :
1. Surat Perjanjian;
2. Syarat-syarat Umum Kontrak;
3. Syarat-syarat Khusus Kontrak; dan
4. Dokumen Lainya Yang Merupakan Bagian Dari Kontrak yang terdiri dari :
a. Surat penunjukan;
b. Surat penawaran;
c. Spesifikasi khusus;
d. Gambar-gambar;
e. Adenda dalam proses pemilihan yang kemudian dimasukkan di masing-masing substansinya;
f. Daftar kuantitas dan harga (untuk kontrak harga satuan);
g. Dokumen lainnya, misalnya :
1) Dokumen penawaran lainnya;
2) Jaminan pelaksanaan;
3) Jaminan uang muka.


Isi Kontrak Kerja Konstruksi

Sesuai ketentuan Pasal 22 Undang-undang Nomor 18 Tahun 1999 tentang Jasa Konstruksi, kontrak kerja konstruksi sekurang-kurangnya harus memuat uraian mengenai :
a. Para pihak, yang memuat secara jelas identitas para pihak;
b. Rumusan pekerjaan, yang memuat uraian yang jelas dan rinci tentang lingkup kerja, nilai pekerjaan, batasan waktu pelaksanaan;
c. Masa pertanggungan dan/atau pemeliharaan, yang memuat tentang jangka waktu pertanggungan dan/atau pemeliharaan yang menjadi tanggung jawab penyedia jasa;
d. Tenaga ahli, yang memuat ketentuan tentang jumlah, klasifikasi dan kualifikasi tenaga ahli untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan konstruksi;
e. Hak dan kewajiban, yang memuat hak pengguna jasa untuk memperoleh hasil pekerjaan konstruksi serta kewajibannya untuk memenuhi ketentuan yang diperjanjikan serta hak penyedia jasa untuk memperoleh informasi dan imbalan jasa serta kewajibannya melaksanakan pekerjaan konstruksi;
f. Cara pembayaran, yang memuat ketentuan tentang kewajiban pengguna jasa dalam melakukan pembayaran hasil pekerjaan konstruksi;
g. Cidera janji, yang memuat ketentuan tentang tanggung jawab dalam hal salah satu pihak tidak melaksanakan kewajiban sebagaimana diperjanjikan;
h. Penyelesaian perselisihan, yang memuat ketentuan tentang tata cara penyelesaian perselisihan akibat ketidaksepakatan;
i. Pemutusan kontrak kerja konstruksi, yang memuat ketentuan tentang pemutusan kontrak kerja konstruksi yang timbul akibat tidak dapat dipenuhinya kewajiban salah satu pihak;
j. Keadaan memaksa (force majeure), yang memuat ketentuan tentang kejadian yang timbul di luar kemauan dankemampuan para pihak, yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi salah satu pihak;
k. Kegagalan bangunan, yang memuat ketentuan tentang kewqajiban penyedia jasa dan/atau pengguna jasa atas kegagalan bangunan;
l. Perlindungan pekerja, yang memuat ketentuan tentang kewajiban para pihak dalam pelaksanaan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja serta jaminan tenaga kerja;
m. Aspek lingkungan, yang memuat kewajiban para pihak dalam pemenuhan ketentuan tentang lingkungan.

Dengan ketentuan tersebut, maka kontrak kerja konstruksi yang tidak memuat ketiga belas uraian tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai cacat hukum


B.Bahas perjanjian & sanksi yang diberikan bila terjadi pelanggaran dalam kontrak tsb

PERJANJIAN KONTRAK KERJA
NO 123/XXXX/PKK/X/2010


k. Bertanggung jawab akan hasil kerja laporan head per-divisi.
l. Berhak menolak untuk pengajuan yang tidak layak.
m. Melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang tegas bagi yang melanggar hukum.
n. Bekerja sama dengan Ass. GMA Cabang.
o. Memberikan solusi terbaik di setiap permasalahan yang terjadi di setiap divisi.
p. Mensuport kerja tiap divisi.
q. Mengecek lingkungan kerja tertata dengan baik dan layak dalam melakukan aktivitas kerja per-divisi.
r. Membina hubungan kerja yang baik setiap antar divisi.
s. Mensuport divisi di bawahnya agar menjadi divisi yang solid (team work).

3. PIHAK KEDUA bersedia dipindah/ditugaskan pada cabang-cabang di seluruh Indonesia yang ditetapkan oleh PIHAK PERTAMA sewaktu-waktu bilamana diperlukan oleh PIHAK PERTAMA.






PASAL 4
DISIPLIN DAN TATA TERTIB

Setiap karyawan dilarang melakukan hal-hal sebagai berikut:

1. Tidak masuk kerja tanpa ijin tertulis dari atasan, apabila tidak masuk kerja dikarenakan sakit maka harus menyertakan bukti surat keterangan dokter
2. Masuk kerja dan pulang kerja tidak sesuai dengan jam kerja yang telah ditetapkan
3. Tidak mampu memimpin/mengelola administrasi dan pekerjaan sehari-hari yang menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawabnya, sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya lapping/tidak memenuhi target penjualan,penarikan,penagihan, serta collection yang ditetapkan perusahaan dalam IM dan buku pedoman.
4. Menolak ditempatkan diseluruh cabang INDONESIA
5. Berulang kali melakukan pelanggaran tata tertib, tidak mengindahkan perintah atasan yang sudah ditetapkan
6. Menggunakan telepon, komputer, fax, dan Internet untuk kepentingan pribadi.
7. Membuat, melakukan perbuatan yang dapat mengganggu keamanan, ketertiban dalam lingkungan perusahaan, sehingga suasana lingkungan kerja tidak kondusif atau membuat keributan/berkelahi/keonaran/kegelisahan antara sesama pekerja dan atau dengan pimpinan perusahaan.
8. Mencemarkan/merusak nama baik perusahaan.
9. Membuka rahasia/memberikan informasi/menjual data-data perusahaan kepada pihak lain atau perusahaan lain.
10. Membuat, memberikan data-data atau informasi palsu/fictive konsumen kepada perusahaan.
11. Mengurangi, merubah, menambah data-data konsumen atau perusahaan yang terdapat dalam komputer. Tanpa ijin tertulis dari Management pusat.
12. Melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan dan kewajiban yang ditetapkan dan ditentukan dalam Internal Memorandum (IM) dan buku pedoman serta ketentuan-ketentuan lainnya yang ditetapkan oleh management pusat.
13. Menggunakan, mencuri, menggelapkan uang perusahaan (Memunggut uang kepada konsumen, agen,/makelar diluar prosedur/standar yang ditetapkan/Menagih uang angsuran kredit untuk kepentingan pribadi/tidak disetor ke perusahaan, atau dalam melakukan penagihan tidak menggunakan kwitansi asli melainkan menggunakan kwitansi pasar
14. Membentuk atau membuat usaha dalam perusahaan.
15. Tidak memberikan informasi atau data yang diperlukan oleh Tim Audit dan tim Pembenahan administrasi, serta Area Manager, Head Adm Area dan Regional Collection Manager.
16. Mengabaikan kewajiban untuk memberikan segala informasi yang diperlukan kepada konsumen yang menggunakan fasilitas kredit melalui perusahaan dan tidak memberi surat teguran/somasi/peringatan kepada konsumen yang wanprestasi.
17. Melakukan kerja sama dengan konsumen yang telah wanprestasi untuk maksud merugikan perusahaan, baik yang menyangkut, angsuran kredit, denda dan bunga, serta objek jaminan.






PERJANJIAN KONTRAK KERJA
NO 123/XXXX/PKK/X/2010


PASAL 5
PEMBUKTIAN PELANGGARAN

1. Pihak kedua dianggap terbukti melakukan pelanggaran jika ada 2 (dua) Orang saksi dari karyawan yang menyatakan telah terjadi pelanggaran yang dimaksud Pasal 4 ayat (1) s/d (18) diatas.
2. Bukti telah terjadi pelanggaran yang dilakukan Pihak kedua atas larangan yang dimaksud pasal 4 ayat (1) s.d ayat (18) diatas adalah, dengan adanya surat peringatan/somasi/teguran oleh pihak pertama kepada pihak kedua, mengenai telah terjadinya pelanggaran Pasal 4 ayat (1) s/d ayat (18) diatas
PASAL 6
SANKSI

1. Pihak kedua/Karyawan/Pegawai sepakat dan setuju meskipun jangka waktu kontrak belum berakhir, jika pihak kedua melanggar larangan yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1) s/d ayat (18) diatas, dikenakan sanksi pemutusan/pengakhiran perjanjian kontrak ini secara sepihak oleh pihak pertama, tanpa diberikan uang pesangon, uang jasa dalam bentuk apapun juga.
2. Pihak Pertama berhak memutuskan perjanjian kontrak ini secara sepihak setiap waktu apabila Pihak kedua melanggar larangan yang ditentukan dalam pasal Pasal 4 ayat (1) s/d s/d ayat (18) diatas tanpa memberikan uang pesangon, uang jasa dalam bentuk apapun juga kepada Pihak Kedua.
3. Apabila terjadi pembatalan atau pemutusan perjanjian kontrak ini oleh Pihak pertama berdasarkan alasan pasal 4 ayat (1) dan ayat (18) diatas, maka Pihak Kedua tidak berhak menuntut uang pesangon, uang jasa atau uang dalam bentuk apapun juga kepada Pihak Pertama atau Pihak kedua tidak akan melakukan tuntutan baik secara perdata, pidana maupun dalam bentuk apapun juga di Pengadilan Industrial kepada Pihak Pertama.





PASAL 7
BERAKHIRNYA MASA KONTRAK
1. Perjanjian kontrak ini berakhir dengan berakhirnya jangka waktu perjanjian kontrak ini,dan sebagai pengecualian.
2. Perjanjian kontrak ini dapat berakhir setiap saat/waktu sebelum berakhirnya masa jangka waktu kontrak, apabila Pihak Kedua, melanggar larangan yang dimaksud Pasal ayat (1) s/d ayat (18).

Apabila dalam Perjanjian Kontrak Kerja ini terdapat kekeliruan akan diperbaiki sebagaimana mestinya. Hal-hal yang belum tercantum dalam Perjanjian Kontrak Kerja ini akan diatur lebih lanjut secara tersendiri.
Perjanjian Kontrak Kerja ini dibuat dan ditandatangani oleh KEDUA BELAH PIHAK dalam keadaan sehat jasmani dan rohani, penuh dengan kesadaran tanpa ada paksaan dari siapapun dan atau pihak lain manapun juga, dan masing-masing akan mentaati dengan sebaik-baiknya.
Demikian Perjanjian Kontrak Kerja ini dibuat dan ditandatangani oleh kedua belah pihak.




7 .Hukum perburuhan - hak dan kewajiban pekerja/karyawan
hak dan kewajiban pengusaha dan perusahaan

PENGERTIAN DAN RUANG LINGKUP HUKUM PERBURUHAN
Pengertian

Hukum Perburuhan. Hukum Perburuhan pada dasarnya adalah sebuah hukum yang mengatur tentang perburuhan atau ketenaga-kerjaan (menurut saya pribadi). Sedangkan menurut PROF.IMAM SUPOMO ADALAH : Suatu himpunan peraturan, baik tertulis maupun tidak, yang berkenaan dengan suatu kejadian di mana seseorang bekerja pada orang lain dengan meneripa upah.


PENGATURAN HUKUM PERBURUHAN
* UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 13 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG KETENAGAKERJAAN


UNSUR-UNSUR DARI HUKUM PERBURUHAN

Unsur-Unsur dari hukum perburuhan diantaranya adalah :
* Serangkaian peraturan

* Peraturan mengenai suatu kejadian

* Adanya orang yang bekerja pada orang lain

* Adanya balas jasa yang berupa upah.

* UPAH
Hak pekerja/buruh yang diterima dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk uang sebagai imbalan dari pengusaha/pemberi kerja kepada pekerja/buruh yang ditetapkan dengan perjanjian kerja.


* HUBUNGAN KERJA
Hubungan kerja terjadi karena adanya perjanjian kerja antara majikan dengan pekerja/buruhnya(biasanya dalam bentuk kontrak tertulis).

Dasar perjanjian kerja :
-Kesepakatan
-Kecakapan melakukan perbuatan hukum
-Adanya pekerjaan yang diperjanjikan
-Pekerjaan yang diberikan tidak bertentangan dengan UU, ketertiban umum &
kesusilaan.

* PERJANJIAN KERJA
Adanya sebuah Perjanjian kerja yang ditanda-tangani oleh kedua belah pihak baik oleh bos atau pemimpin perusahaan dan juga oleh buruh/karyawan.



Perjanjian kerja tersebut memuat :
-Nama, alamat perusahaan dan jenis usaha
-Identitas pekerja
-Jabatan dan jenis pekerjaan
-Tempat pekerjaan
-Besarnya upah
-Tanda tangan para pihak.


A. hak dan kewajiban pekerja/karyawan
Hak pekerja bulanan maupun harian, berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan sama persis tidak ada perbedaannya. Harap diketahui bahwa pekerja dalam hubungan kerja apa pun berhak atas hak-hak normatif antara lain: upah lembur, perlindungan Jamsostek, cuti haid bagi wanita dan THR.
Tentu saja ada hak-hak yang dapat/lazim diberikan kepada pekerja bulanan namun tidak dapat diterapkan bagi pekerja harian, misalnya cuti.

Dalam UU no 13 Pasal 59 disebutkan syarat kontrak kerja atau yang pada peraturan disebut sebagai Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) sebagai berikut: Perjanjian kerja untuk waktu tertentu hanya dapat dibuat untuk pekerjaan tertentu yang menurut jenis dan sifat atau kegiatan pekerjaannya akan selesai dalam waktu tertentu, yaitu:
a. Pekerjaan yang sekali selesai atau yang sementara sifatnya
b. Pekerjaan yang diperkirakan penyelesaiannya dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu lama dan paling lama 3 tahun
c. Pekerjaan yang bersifat musiman
d. Pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan produk baru, kegiatan baru, atau produk tambahan yang masih dalam percobaan atau penjajakan.
e. Perjanjian kerja untuk waktu tertentu tidak dapat diadakan untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat tetap.

Jika perusahaan mengikuti aturan tersebut sebagaimana mestinya berarti tidak akan ada kasus status kontrak menjadi tetap, karena pekerjaan tersebut paling lama hanya 3 tahun dan setelah 3 tahun kontrak kerja berakhir. Tidak disebutkan lagi lanjutannya. Perlu diingat bahwa kontrak kerja bukanlah jenjang untuk menjadi karyawan tetap.


Jika perusahaan melakukan kontrak kerja untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat tetap sehingga tidak memenuhi ketentuan pada UU no.13 pasal 59 tersebut, maka PKWT berubah menjadi PKWTT (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu) atau dengan kata lain karyawan kontrak menjadi karyawan tetap, terhitung sejak adanya hubungan kerja

Dalam kasus dimana ada karyawan yang dikontrak kontrak untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat sementara, lalu perusahaan melihat kinerja ybs bagus dan perusahaan akan mempekerjakan ybs untuk pekerjaan yang bersifat tetap, yang tentu berbeda dengan jenis pekerjaan saat kontrak, maka terjadilah hubungan kerja baru dengan PKWTT yang dapat mensyaratkan adanya masa percobaan paling lama 3 bulan, dan masa kerja terhitung sejak adanya PKWTT.

Detail pelaksanaan PKWT dapat dilihat pada Kepmen 100 tahun 2004.

hak dan kewajiban pengusaha dan perusahaan
adalah memberikan apa yang sudah selayaknya diberikan kepada pekerja yang berkerja pada perusahaan tersebut.

YU

PANATAAN SIRKULASI KENDARAAN DAN ZONA PUBLIK PADA KAMPUS G GUNADARMA DEPOK

PANATAAN SIRKULASI KENDARAAN DAN ZONA PUBLIK PADA
KAMPUS G GUNADARMA DEPOK




Judul ini sengaja saya angkat karena saya sebagai mahasiswa gunadarma melihat secara langsung penataan dan sirkulasi yang ada pada kampus tersebut kurang begitu baik dan teratur.

Terutama pada penataan sirkulasi kendaraan yang ada,adanya lahan parker yang minim sehingga kendaraan roda dua yang cukup banyak sering diparkirkan tidak pada tempatnya dan bahkan seriknglaki menggunakan teras depan gedung sebagai lahan cadangan.

Adapun juga yang harus diperhatikan adalah zona publiknya dalam hal ini adalah sirkulasi manusianya.maksudnya adalah pada gedung 1,2,dan 3 yang terdapat pada kampus tersebut,terdapat jalan trotoar yang telah disediakan untuk para mahasiswa,dllnya,tapi seringkali ada juga yang melintasi bangunan tersebut tidak pada jalan yang disediakan maksudnya adalah mereka sering berjalan diatas rerumputan yang seharusnya adalah taman pada bangunan tersebut.
Oleh karena itu maka perlu diperhatikan dengan saksama dan wajib mencari solusi agar permasalahan ini dapat terselesaikan,dan juga dapat merubah fungsi aslinya kembali seperti semula.

UU no.4 tahun 1992 Perumahan dan Pemukiman

4. UU no.4 tahun 1992 ttg perumahan dan pemukiman
*berisi tentang apa?
*contoh aplikasi dari uu tsb seperti apa?


Perumahan dan permukiman merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia dan mempunyai peranan yang sangat strategis dalam pembentukan watak serta kepribadian bangsa, dan perlu dibina serta dikembangkan demi kelangsungan dan peningkatan kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat.

Perumahan dan permukiman tidak dapat dilihat sebagai sarana kebutuhan kehidupan semata-mata, tetapi lebih dari itu merupakan proses bermukim manusia dalam menciptakan ruang kehidupan untuk memasyarakatkan dirinya, dan menampakkan jati diri.

Untuk menjamin kepastian dan ketertiban hukum dalam pembangunan dan pemilikan, setiap pembangunan rumah hanya dapat dilakukan di atas tanah yang dimiliki berdasarkan hak-hak atas tanah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

Sistem penyediaan tanah untuk perumahan dan permukiman harus ditangani secara nasional karena tanah merupakan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat bertambah akan tetapi harus digunakan dan dimanfaatkan sebesar-besarnya bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Proses penyediaannya harus dikelola dan dikendalikan oleh Pemerintah agar supaya penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya dapat menjangkau masyarakat secara adil dan merata tanpa menimbulkan kesenjangan ekonomi dan sosial dalam proses bermukimnya masyarakat.

Untuk mewujudkan perumahan dan permukiman dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan jangka pendek, menengah, dan panjang dan sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang, suatu wilayah permukiman ditetapkan sebagai kawasan siap bangun yang dilengkapi jaringan prasarana primer dan sekunder lingkungan.

Penyelenggaraan pembangunan perumahan dan permukiman mendorong dan memperkukuh demokrasi ekonomi serta memberikan kesempatan yang sama dan saling menunjang antara badan usaha milik negara, koperasi, dan swasta berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan.

Pembangunan di bidang perumahan dan permukiman yang bertumpu pada masyarakat memberikan hak dan kesempatan yang seluas-luasnya bagi masyarakat untuk berperan serta.

PENGAPLIKASIAN DARI UU TERSEBUT ADALAH
Pada tahun 1980 penduduk perkotaan berjumlah sekitar 32,85 juta (22,27% dari
jumlah penduduk nasional). Tahun 1990 jumlah penduduk perkotaan menjadi
sekitar 55,43 juta (30,9% dari jumlah penduduk nasional). Tahun 1995 jumlah
penduduk perkotaan menjadi sekitar 71.88 juta (36,91% dari jumlah penduduk
nasional).
Saat ini jumlah penduduk perkotaan seluruhnya diperkirakan mencapai hampir
110 juta orang, dengan pertumbuhan tahunan sekitar 3 juta orang. Sensus
penduduk tahun 2000 mencatat total jumlah penduduk adalah 206.264.595 jiwa.
2Tingkat urbanisasi mencapai 40% (tahun 2000), dan diperkirakan akan menjadi
60% pada tahun 2025 (sekitar 160 juta orang)3. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk
perkotaan pada kurun waktu 1990-2000 tercatat setinggi 4,4%/tahun, sementara
pertumbuhan penduduk keseluruhan hanya 1,6%/tahun. Perkembangan kota-kota
yang pesat ini disebabkan oleh perpindahan penduduk dari desa ke kota,
perpindahan dari kota lain yang lebih kecil, pemekaran wilayah atau perubahan
status desa menjadi kelurahan.
Ruang dilihat sebagai wadah dimana keseluruhan interaksi sistem sosial (yang
meliputi manusia dengan seluruh kegiatan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya) dengan
ekosistem (sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya buatan) berlangsung. Ruang perlu
ditata agar dapat memelihara keseimbangan lingkungan dan memberikan
dukungan yang nyaman terhadap manusia serta mahluk hidup lainnya dalam
melakukan kegiatan dan memelihara kelangsungan hidupnya secara optimal.
1 Sekretaris Jenderal Departemen Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah
2 www.bps.go.id/sector/population/table1.shtml
3 Bank Dunia, 2003

UU no.26 tahun 2007 Tentang Tenataan Ruang

NO.3. uu no.26 tahun 2007 tentang penataan ruang.
*berisi tentang apa?
*contoh , apalikasi dari UU tsb seperti apa?



Peraturan ini menjelaskan bahwa penyelenggaraan penataan ruang bertujuan untuk mewujudkan ruang wilayah nasional yang aman, nyaman, produktif, dan berkelanjutan berlandaskan Wawasan Nusantara dan Ketahanan Nasional. Untuk menjamin tercapainya tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan pengawasan terhadap kinerja pengaturan, pembinaan, dan pelaksanaan penataan ruang.

Penataan ruang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan sistem, fungsi utama kawasan, wilayah administratif, kegiatan kawasan, dan nilai strategis kawasan. Negara menyelenggarakan penataan ruang untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat. Negara memberikan kewenangan penyelenggaraan penataan ruang kepada Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah.

Pengaturan penataan ruang dilakukan melalui penetapan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan bidang penataan ruang termasuk pedoman bidang penataan ruang.

Masyarakat yang dirugikan akibat penyelenggaraan penataan ruang dapat mengajukan gugatan melalui pengadilan. Penyelesaian sengketa penataan ruang pada tahap pertama diupayakan berdasarkan prinsip musyawarah untuk mufakat.

CINTOH PENGAPLIKASIANNYA YAITU:

UU No.26/Tahun 2007 tentang tata ruang mengamanatkan bahwa setiap kota harus memiliki luas lahan Ruang Terbuka Hijau minimal 30% terdiri dari 20% RTH publik dan 10% RTH privat. Penataan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (PRTH) merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Daerah.

Dalam kasus ini pengaplikasiannya terdapat pada pembukaan lahan Hijau di Semarang.

Namun Pemerintah Kota Semarang terlambat merespon UU No. 26 Tahun 2007, karena dasar hukum tentang tata ruang yang digunakan masih merujuk UU No. 24 Tahun 1992 tentang Penataan Ruang. Perkembangan terakhir ditemukan bahwa Pemerintah Kota Semarang masih merumuskan Raperda pengganti Perda No.5 Tahun 2004 tentang RTRW. Di dalam pasal 78 ayat 4 (c) BAB XIII Ketentuan Penutup UU No.26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang mengatakan bahwa “semua peraturan daerah kabupaten/ kota tentang rencana tata ruang wilayah kabupaten/kota disusun atau disesuaikan paling lambat 3 (tiga) tahun terhitung sejak Undang-Undang ini diberlakukan”. UU No.26 tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang sudah diundangkan sejak tanggal 26 April 2007.

Ini menunjukkan bahwa kurang adanya ke pemberitahuan tentang adanya perubahan undang-undang yang berlaku untuk saat ini. Dan kurangnya kesadaran pemerintahan daerah Semarang untuk mencari tau tentang perubahan dari undang-undang tersebut.

Pasal 5 dan penjelasan Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007, mengandung penetapan dua fungsi kawasan utama, yaitu kawasan lindung dan kawasan budidaya yang dibagi ke dalam beberapa sub-kawasan yang akan memperjelas fungsi sesuai tata guna (peruntukan ruang/lahan) sektoral yang satu sama lain saling melengkapi (komplementer).

http://perkim-bappenas.info/index.php?prm_page_id=1&prm_id=2&prm_type_id=2&prm_parent_id=1&is_view=1&prm_doc_cat_id=8

http://bulletin.penataanruang.net/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=106

http://eprints.undip.ac.id/15531/

Peraturan2 yang terkait dengan pembangunan, perumahan dan pemukiman, perkotaan,konstruksi dan tata ruang

No.2. kumpulan peraturan2 yang terkait dengan pembangunan, perumahan dan pemukiman, perkotaan,konstruksi dan tata ruang

Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Penyelenggaraan peratra Perumahan dan Permukiman dirumuskan berdasarkan berbagai pertimbangan yang bersifat struktural sehingga secara nasional diharapkan dapat berlaku dalam rentang waktu yang cukup, dapat mengakomodasi berbagai ragam kontekstual masing-masing daerah, dan dapat memudahkan penjabaran yang sitemik pada tingkat yang lebih operasional oleh para pelaku pembangunan.
Kebijakan nasional dirumuskan kedalam 3 struktur pokok yang berkaitan dengan:
-
Kelembagaan perumahan
-
Pemenuhan kebutuhan perumahan, dan
-
Pencapaian kualitas permukiman

Strategi untuk melaksanakan kebijakan dirumuskan terutama untuk dapat mencapai substansi masing-masing kebijakan tersebut.
Berikut rumusan kebijakan dan strategi nasional yang menjadi dasar dalam program-program penyelenggaraan perumahan dan permukiman:

A. Kebijakan dan Strategi 1
Kebijakan (1) : Melembagakan sistem penyelenggaraan perumahan dan permukiman dengan pelibatan masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama
Strategi (1) : Pengembangan peraturan perundangan dan pemantapan kelembagaan di bidang perumahan dan permukiman serta fasilitasi pelaksanaan penataan ruang kawasan permukiman yang transparan dan partisipatif, melalui strategi operasional sebagai berikut:

1. Penyusunan, pengembangan, dan sosialisasi berbagai produk peraturan perundangan dalam penyelenggaraan perumahan dan permukiman yang meliputi:
- Undang-undang dan peraturan pemerintah
- Pedoman, standar, dan petunjuk teknis di bidang perumahan dan permukiman, serta bangunan gedung dan lingkungan.
2. Pemantapan kelembagaan perumahan dan permukiman yang handal dan responsif di lingkungan kelembagaan, meliputi:
- Pemerintah (Pusat, Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota)
- Badan Usaha (BUMN, BUMD, Swasta)
- Masyarakat (orang dan kelompok atau perkumpulan)
3. Pengawasan konstruksi dan keselamatan bangunan gedung dan lingkungan, meliputi:
- Validasi dan penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan, pedoman, standar, petunjuk teknis penyelenggaraan bangunan gedung, termasuk bimbingan teknis proses pengaturan bangunan gedung dan lingkungan di tingkat daerah
- Penguatan kelembagaan pengawasan dan keselamatan bangunan gedung dan lingkungan khususnya di tingkat daerah.
back Top

B. Kebijakan dan Strategi 2
Kebijakan (2) : Mewujudkan pemenuhan kebutuhan perumahan (papan) bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat, sebagai salah satu kebutuhan dasar manusia
Strategi (2) : Pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah yang layak dan terjangkau dengan menitikberatkan kepada masyarakat miskin dan berpendapatan rendah melalui strategi operasional berikut:

1. Pengembangan sistem pembiayaan dan pemberdayaan pasar perumahan (pasar primer dan sekunder) yang meliputi:
- Peningkatan kualitas pasar primer melalui penyederhanaan perijinan pembangunan rumah, sertifikasi hak atas tanah, standarisasi penilaian kredit, dll
- Pelembagaan pasar sekunder melalui pelembagaan SMF (secondary mortgage facilities), biro kredit, asuransi, dll.
2. Pengembangan pembangunan perumahan yang bertumpu kepada keswadayaan masyarakat, yang meliputi:
- Pelembagaan pembangunan perumahan yang bertumpu pada kelompok masyarakat (P2BPK)
- Pengembangan dan pendayagunaan potensi keswadayaan masyarakat
- Pemberdayaan para pelaku kunci perumahan swadaya
- Pengembangan akses pembiayaan perumahan swadaya
3. Pengembangan berbagai jenis dan mekanisme subsidi perumahan, yang meliputi:
- Pengembangan pengaturan subsidi perumahan,
- Pengembangan subsidi pembiayaan perumahan,
- Pengembangan subsidi prasarana dan sarana perumahan.
4. Pemberdayaan usaha ekonomi masyarakat miskin, meliputi upaya:
- Pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mengembangkan kemampuan usaha dan hidup produktif
- Penyediaan kemudahan akses kepada sumber daya
- Penyediaan prasarana dan sarana usaha bagi keluarga miskin
- Pelatihan yang berkaitan dengan teknologi tepat guna dan pengembangan kewirausahaan, serta keterampilan pendukung lainnya
5. Pemenuhan kebutuhan perumahan dan permukiman akibat dampak bencana alam dan kerusuhan sosial, yang meliputi:
- Penanganan tanggap darurat,
- Rekonstruksi dan rehabilitasi bangunan, prasarana dan sarana dasar perumahan dan permukiman,
- Pemukiman kembali pengungsi
6. Pengelolaan bangunan gedung dan rumah negara, meliputi:
- Pembinaan teknis penyelenggaraan bangunan gedung dan rumah negara
- Pengelolaan aset bangunan gedung dan rumah negara
back Top

C. Kebijakan dan Strategi 3
Kebijakan (3) : Mewujudkan permukiman yang sehat, aman, harmonis, dan berkelanjutan guna mendukung pengembangan jatidiri, kemandirian, dan produktivitas masyarakat
Strategi (3) : Perwujudan kondisi lingkungan permukiman yang sehat, aman, harmonis, dan berkelanjutan, melalui strategi operasional sebagai berikut:

1. Peningkatan kualitas lingkungan permukiman, dengan prioritas kawasan permukiman kumuh di perkotaan dan di daerah pesisir/nelayan, meliputi:
- Penataan dan rehabilitasi kawasan permukiman kumuh
- Perbaikan prasarana dan sarana dasar permukiman
- Pengembangan rumah sewa, termasuk rumah susun sederhana sewa (rusunawa) di perkotaan
2. Pengembangan penyediaan prasarana dan sarana dasar permukiman, meliputi upaya:
- Pengembangan Kawasan Siap Bangun (Kasiba) dan Lingkungan Siap Bangun (Lisiba)
- Pengembangan Lingkungan Siap Bangun yang berdiri sendiri
3. Penerapan tata lingkungan permukiman, yang meliputi:
- Pelembagaan Rencana Pembangunan dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman di Daerah (RP4D)
- Pelestarian bangunan yang dilindungi dan lingkungan permukiman tradisional
- Revitalisasi lingkungan permukiman strategis
- Pengembangan penataan lingkungan permukiman dan pemantapan standar pelayanan minimal lingkungan permukiman.
back Top
(Sumber: Buku Data 2007)

HUKUM PRANATA PEMBANGUNAN

HUKUM PRANATA PEMBANGUNAN



Arsitektur adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang membahas tentang keterkaitan antara manusia dengan lingkungan binaan-nya, dan ruang adalah wujud manifestasi dari manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Ada tiga aspek penting dalam arsitektur, yaitu : firmitas (kekuatan atau konstruksi), utilitas (kegunaan atau fungsi), dan venustas (keindahan atau estetika).


Pranata dalam pengertian umum adalah interaksi antar individu/kelompok dalam kerangka peningkatan kesejahteraan atau kualitas hidup, dalam arti khusus bahwa terjadi interaksi antar aktor pelaku pembangunan untuk menghasilkan fisik ruang yang berkualitas. Pranata di bidang arsitektur dapat dikaji melalui pendekatan sistem, karena fenomena yang ada melibatkan banyak pihak dengan fungsi berbeda dan menciptakan anomaly yang berbeda sesuai kasus masing-masing.


Didalam proses membentuk ruang dari akibat kebutuhan hidup manusia, maka ada cara (teknik) dan tahapan (metoda) untuk berproduksi dalam penciptaan ruang. Secara hirarki dapat disebutkan ‘ruang tidur’ ruang untuk istirahat sampai dengan ‘ruang kota’ ruang untuk melakukan aktifitas sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya. Secara fungsi ruang memiliki peran yang berbeda menurut tingkat kebutuhan hidup manusia itu sendiri, seperti ruang makan, ruang kerja, ruang baca, dan seterusnya. Secara structural ruang memiliki pola susunan yang beragam, ada yang liniear, radial, mengelompok, dan menyebar. Estetika adalah pertimbangan penciptaan ruang yang mewujudkan rasa nyaman, rasa aman, dan keindahan.


Sejalan dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, permasalahan dalam pembangunan menjadi semakin kompleks. Artinya ruang yang dibangun oleh manusia juga mengalami banyak masalah. Salah satu masalah adalah persoalan mekanisme/ikatan/pranata yang menjembatani antara fungsi satu dengan fungsi lainnya. Masalah ke-pranata-an ini menjadi penting karena beberapa hal akan menyebabkan turunnya kualitas fisik, turunnya kualitas estetika, dan turunnya kuantitas ruang dan materinya, atau bahkan dalam satu bangunan akan terjadi penurunan kuantitas dan kualitas bangunan tetapi biaya tetap atau menjadi berlebihan.



Dalam penciptaan ruang (bangunan) dalam dunia profesi arsitek ada beberapa aktor yang terlibat dan berinteraksi, adalah pemilik (owner), konsultan (arsitek), kontraktor (pelaksana), dan unsur pendukung lainnya.



Sumber..

http://arsitekturberkelanjutan.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?orderby=updated

http://budisud.blogspot.com/2008/04/pranata-pembangunan-bidang-arsitektur.html

http://arsitekturberkelanjutan.blogspot.com/2008/02/pengantar-kuliah-pranata-pembangunan.html

http://budisud.blogspot.com/2008/04/pranata-pembangunan-bidang-arsitektur.html

ARCITECTONIC

SILVESTER RETTOB
20308044
2TB01

1. ARSITEKTONIK

Tektonika berkaitan erat dengan material struktur, dan konstruksi, namun tektonika lebih menekankan pada aspek estetika yang dihasilkan oleh suatu sistem struktur atau ekspresi dari suatu konstruksi dari pada aspek teknologinya.

Penggunaan istilah tektonika sendiri sudah dikenal sejak lama dan telah mengalami perkembangan.
Tektonika berasal dari kata tekton dan sering ditulis dengan kata tektonamai yang dalam bahasa yunani secara harafiah berartipertukangan kayu atau pembangun. Dalam bahasa sansakerta dapat disamakan dengan kata taksan yang berarti seni pertukangan kayu yang menggunakan kapak,

Puisi vedic juga mengartikan tektonik dalam arti yang sama, yaitu pertukangan kayu, kemudian homer mengartikan istilah ini sebagai seni konstruksi secara umum.

Adolf Heinrich Borbein juga mengungkapkan hal yang sama tentang tektonika, pada studi phiologinya (1982) dia mengatakan bahwa tektonika menjadi seni dari pertemuan atau sambungan, seni dalam hal ini ditekankan pada tekne, sehingga tektonika bukan hanya bagian dari bangunan tetapi dalam arti yang lebih sempit juga berarti sebagai objek atau karya seni.

Seiring perjalanan waktu, pengertian kata tektonik dalam konstruksi lebih mengarah kepada halpembuatan karya seni, tergantung benar salahnya penerapannya dalam kegunaan pada nilai seni tersebut.

Penggunaan istilah tektonika secara arsitektural muncul di jerman dalam buku karya Karl Otfried Muller yang berjudul ”Handbuch der Archeologie der kunst” / ”Handbook of the Archeology of Art” 1830.
Dia mengartikan tektonik sebagai penggunaan sederet bentuk seni pada peralatan, bejana bunga, pemukiman, dan tempat pertemuan, yang dibentuk dan dikembangkan di satu sisi pada penerapanya dan di sisi lain untuk menguatkan ekspresi perasaan dan pengertian atau buah pikiran seni.

Tektonika pada arsitektur sering kali dilakuakan karena ingin memberikan penekanan pentingnya suatu bagian bangunan tertentu dari bangunan dan keinginan memberiakan suatu ekspresi yang mendalam kepada bangunan.
Karl Botticher Pada bukunya ”The Tectonic Of Helen” memposisikan kata tektonik sebagai pemberi arti pada sistem ikatan yang lengkap dari semua bagian kiul yunani menjadi keseluruhan yang utuh, termasuk rangka dari sculpture dalam segala bentuk.

Sedangkan Semper mengelompokan tektonika pada bangunan menjadi dua prosedur yang mendasar, yaitu :
• Tektonika dari rangka ringan yang terdiri dari komponen-komponen linier yang dikelompokkan menjadi matriks spasial
• Steorotomik bagian dasar dimana massa dan volume terbentuk dari elemen-elemen berat.

Eduard Sekter dalam “Structure Constriction and tectonics” mendefinisikan bentuk tektonik sebagai ekspresi yang ditimbulkan oleh penekanan struktur dari bentuk konstruksi, dengan demikian hasil ekspresi tektonika tidak dapat diperhitungkan hanya sebagai istilah pada struktur dan konstruksi saja.


Arsitektonika, Struktur Konstruksi, dan Perancangan Arsitektur

Tektonika berperan dalam mengabungkan kesenjangan antara struktur dan konstruksi dengan perancangan dalam arsitektur, tektonika membedakan struktur dan konstruksi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu :
1. Struktur hanya dipakai untuk keperluan mewujudkan rancnagan sebuah bangunan. Elemen-elemen struktur hanay sebagai elemen penerus beban,sedang karakteristik struktur tidak ikut memberikan nilai arsitekturalnya.
2. Struktur terintegrasi dengan fungsi dan bentuk bangunan, dengan demikian elemen-elemen struktur sekaligus adalah elemen-elemen arsitektural yang ikut memberikan nilai arsitekturalnya.

Arsitektonik lebih menitikberatkan pada poin yang ke dua, yaitu kemampuan menemukan bentuk-bentuk yang menarik dari elemen-elemen struktur untuk diterapkan dalam perancangan arsitektur yang mungkin akan memacu semangat akan pemahaman struktur secara mendalam.




Struktur dan Konstruksi memang merupakan aspek teknis namun disisi lain juga merupakan aspek simbolik yang representatif. Suatu karya arsitektur dapat berdiri karena terdapat pertimbangan struktur dan konstruksi didalamnya, namun tetap dalam kapasitasnya sebagai sebuah karya arsitektur, yang tetap menitik beratkan pada pengolahan-pengolahan bentuk dan elemen dari sistem struktur yang diterapkan.

Dalam hal ini arsitektonik berperan memberi artikulasi pada mekanisme penyaluran beban dan elemen-elemen struktur, mengolah bentuk secara inovatif hingga menghasilkan potensi bentuk arsitektural secara keseluryhan maupun sambungan detail-detail konstruksi yang digunakan. Bentuk-bentuk yang digunakan hendaknya mempunyai nilai filosofi dalam seni bangunan, bukan sekedar detail-detail figuratif yang abstrak.

Tektonika bisa dimulai dari pemilihan struktur bangunan sesuai fungsinya.
Contoh :
• Bangunan candi dibuat dengan struktur yang massif, berat, dan tertutup. Hal ini sesuai dengan fungsinya sebagai tempat ibadah yang sakral dan magis, serta aberorientasi kedalam.
• Struktur pendopo pada rumah dat jawa yang terkesan ringan dan terbuka, hal ini menyangkut fungsinya sebagai tempat menerima tamu dan ditunjang dengan budaya masyarakat jawa yang terbuka kepada siapa saja yang datang.
• Bangunan ibadah yang ada yaitu gothic pada gereja, dan kubah pada mesjid

Tektonika tak berhenti pada sistem struktur saja, tetapi berlanjut kedalam elemen konstruksi seperti kolom-kolom, dinding-dinding, balok-balok, detail-detail sambungan.

Untuk menggabungkan bentu-bentuk arsitektur dan tektonika disbutuhkan suatu pengetahuan dan kepekaan terhadap desain dan material-material yang ada. Pencitraan masing-masing material harus benar-benar dipahami.

Berarsitektonik bukan sesuatu hal yang dapat dipelajari secara teoritis, tetapi diperlikan latihan-latihan dan uji coba.Pada tahap lanjut, diperlukan suatu pemikiran yang holistik(terpadu) antara perinsip-perinsip perancangan, konsep struktur, pengetahuan iklim sosial dan budaya, dll. Yang menunjang ide desain arsitektural secara utuh.

Sumber :

www.puslit2.petra.ac.id

www.eprints.undip.ac.id

www.digilib.its.ac.id





ARSITEKTONIK
Architectonic berasal dari bahasa yunani arkhitektonikos adalah (Arsitektur) seni dan ilmu merancang bangunan dan struktur fisik lainnya.
Arsitektur adalah baik proses dan produk perencanaan, merancang dan membangun ruang yang mencerminkan fungsional, sosial, dan pertimbangan estetika. Ini memerlukan manipulasi dan koordinasi dari bahan, teknologi, cahaya, dan bayangan. Arsitektur juga mencakup aspek-aspek pragmatis menyadari dirancang ruang, seperti perencanaan proyek, dan konstruksi memperkirakan biaya administrasi. Sebuah definisi yang lebih luas dapat meliputi semua kegiatan desain dari tingkat makro (desain perkotaan, arsitektur lansekap) ke level mikro (detail konstruksi dan furnitur). Pada kenyataannya, arsitektur saat ini dapat merujuk kepada aktivitas merancang sistem apapun dan sering digunakan dalam dunia TI.
Karya arsitektur sering dianggap sebagai simbol politik dan budaya dan sebagai karya seni. Sejarah peradaban sering diidentikkan dengan arsitektur yang masih hidup prestasi mereka.
Rencana arsitek, desain dan meninjau pembangunan gedung dan struktur untuk penggunaan orang-orang yang oleh organisasi kreatif bahan dan komponen dengan pertimbangan kepada massa, ruang, bentuk, volume, tekstur, struktur, cahaya, bayangan, materi, program, dan pragmatis unsur-unsur seperti biaya, keterbatasan konstruksi dan teknologi, untuk mencapai suatu tujuan yang biasanya fungsional, ekonomis, praktis dan sering artistik. Inilah yang membedakan dari teknik desain arsitektur, yang memiliki sebagai objek utama manipulasi kreatif bahan dan bentuk menggunakan matematika dan prinsip-prinsip ilmiah. Sebagai dokumentasi yang dihasilkan oleh arsitek, biasanya gambar, rencana dan spesifikasi teknik, arsitektur mendefinisikan struktur dan / atau perilaku dari sebuah bangunan atau jenis lain sistem yang akan atau telah dibangun.



ARCHI-TECTONICS


Firm History
Winka Dubbeldam is the principal of Archi-Tectonics NY, founded in 1994 and
[2008]. Archi-Tectonics has been featured in a multiplicity of International professional
journals and in the two monographs “Winka Dubbeldam Architect” by 010
publishers [1996], and “AT-INdex” [2007] by Princeton Press, NY.


Solo Exhibits include: “Con-Texture” in the Form Zero Gallery in Los Angeles [1994]

which then moved to the Kunsthalle in Rotterdam [1996] and to the Dessa Gallery in
Lljublana [1996]. “From Hardware to Softform” in the Frederieke Taylor Gallery NYC
[2002] was built with the MIT Media Lab, and then moved to the Art and Idea
Gallery in Mexico-City [2004]. In addition Archi-Tectonics has participated in the
following group exhibitions; the PAN exhibit [2006] in the Taylor Gallery, NYC,
MOCA’s “Skin and Bones”, Los Angeles [2006 - 2007], The London Biennale [2006],
the Venice Biennale [2004], “A New World Trade Center” in Max Protetch Gallery,
included our interactive installation ”Flex City”, also featured at the Venice Biennale
[2002]. Archi-Lab Orleans, France [2000 & 2001], and the Museum of Modern Art
exhibitions “Young Architects” [2001] and the “UnPrivate House” exhibit [1999].
including the recent Staten Island Sustainable Housing Competition [winner] and
the Houthaven Competition in Amsterdam. Among others, Dubbeldam received
the “Emerging Voice” award from the Architectural League NYC in 2001 and was
nominated as “The Best and Brightest” by Esquire Magazine, Dec 2004. In 2006
Archi-Tectonics received the IIDA / Metropolis “Smart Environment Award”.
Philosophy and Design Concepts

laboratory: a philosophy based upon combining the theoretical with the pragmatic,
research with construction. The team spirit expresses itself in an aim to re-think, reinvestigate
and re-interpret all project details. We analyze and research programthe
use of hybrid materials and smart building systems. We emphasize communication
and input with our clients to enrich the project, and have a team of acknowledged
consultants and engineers to provide full expertise. The use of digital project
but even more; construct surprising and innovative structures.
amenities. In this way the wall provides not only all program requirements but also
void.



“Abstract and skeletal, Dubbeldam’s folds imbue this salon with an unmistakable
elegance and sophistication while maintaining an equal measure of tectonic clarity,
aesthetic economy, and purpose” writes Henry Urbach in Interior Design [Feb. 2001]
V33 residential condominium


(www.33vestry.com): Currently under construction,
this 33,000 SF multi-unit building is located in the Tribeca-Mixed Use special
zoning district and the Landmark Tribeca Historic District. Archi-Tectonics obtained
a certificate of appropriateness for new construction from the Landmarks Preservation
Commission, who has used the project as an exemplary example of an appropriate
modern building in historic context. Archi-Tectonics also helped obtain a
variance from the Board of Standards and Appeals for a change to residential use
for this site. Archi-Tectonics designed the building and all construction details,
and the full interiors, uniquely for each unit, geared towards the high-end residential
market. The building has parking in the cellar that is accessed from the street via
an automobile elevator.

Houthaven Pier, Amsterdam: Archi-Tectonics’ was one of three firms to be invited
in 2006 to compete for the design a mixed-use pier development containing 250
housing units and 10,000 square meters of commercial space. A three-dimensional
branching strategy is utilized to cultivate a ‘mini-neighborhood’ rather than a
monolithic ‘mega-building.’ This project is detailed on the following pages in this
section.
Green Design – “A state of mind”

Archi-Tectonics’ research focuses on achieving efficiencies that express themselves
in optimal modulations, which are also expressed in energy-efficiency and
sustainability. Archi-Tectonics has recently received the Smart Environment Award
from the IIDA & Metropolis for the GW//8B loft in the Greenwich Building. We
designed both the building and the loft. The Greenwich building features a highly
insulated glass skin, passive solar energy, and renewable building materials to
generate a comfortable living environment and energy-efficient building
.
This has been further developed in the Q-tower, a 14 story mixed-use residential
condominium in Philadelphia, which was designed as a completely integrated
sustainable building in cooperation with the MIT Media Lab, Boston. The building
features a geothermal heating and cooling system transferring medium ground
temperature to heat pumps distributed throughout the building. The envelope is
designed to be 35% more efficient than department of energy requirements. The
pre-fabricated envelope fully encloses the thermal mass of the concrete floor slabs
to provide maximum heating/cooling retention. Other innovations include
window screens on sensors reacting to sunlight, and lighting control systems on
sensors and dimmers designed to reduce energy-use, and low-impact materials
and appliances throughout.

The LRH project in New York City’s Little Italy, currently under construction, is the
gut-renovation of an existing 6-story brick light manufacturing building. The building
is being converted to residential condominiums with a commercial and restaurant
tenants on the lower levels. Archi-Tectonics is working with the client to
achieve a LEED gold certification, which will be a first for a residential conversion in
New York City. The building is designed to accommodate a geothermal heating
and cooling system, which will be the first residential conversion in the city to use
geothermal.




ARCHI-TECTONICS: NEW YORK / SHANGHAI

This allows us to introduce intelligent systems into the generation of design, providing
the opportunity to rethink the urban environment in ways are overlooked by
traditional methods. With the aid of 3-D modeling software, we analyze and
research programmatic efficiencies, urban specificities, material innovations, and
are investigating the use of hybrid materials and smart building systems.

Within the framework of a large-scale urban development, our approach is to
analyze and map existing and potential conditions, and use this information to
develop generative systems that will enfold the multiple and complex performance
requirements of the development within a single and coherent solution. Archi-
Tectonics has broad experience with complex, mixed-use projects that negotiate
the functions of the building with surrounding urban environment. Below are
outlined Archi-Tectonics specific experience with issues of the full-service
approach, planning and zoning, and sustainable design.
Full-Service in all phases


Several of Archi-Tectonics Architectural projects have required changes in zoning,
special approvals related to individual districts such as landmarks districts, and
approvals for changes of use. Several projects have required zoning approvals for
individual sites. In addition, Archi-Tectonics has been a finalist for several large-scale
urban design competitions, including the Designing the High Line competition in
New York [jurors mention], and invited competitions such as Houthaven Pier in
Amsterdam, the Schoonhoven New Urban Plan, the Drents Museum, in The Netherlands
and recently won the Design Competition for a Sustainable new residential
and retail neighborhood in Staten Island New York [2007]. A few examples are:

The 497 GW project (www.greenwichstreetproject.com): Completed in 2004, this
11 story, 80,000 SF multi-unit residential loft condominium combines new construction
with the renovation of an existing warehouse. Archi-Tectonics obtained
approval for a change of use to residential occupancy from the New York City Board
of Standards and Appeals. This included variances for set-back requirements and
balconies. Archi-Tectonics designed the building, made the construction documents
and provided construction administration and supervision. We also designed
several loft interiors in the building, as well as the general areas such as the guest
apartment, the gym, pool and sauna area, wine room and screening room. The
project has served as a catalyst for development in the surrounding neighborhood,
the first of a string of new high-end residences in the area. See the “Portfolio”
section for more information on this project.

Setai Hotel / Condominiums: In Center City Philadelphia, Archi-Tectonics did the
complete zoning analysis and prepared the zoning application for this new 300,000
mixed-use building containing a 145 room hotel, 32 condominium units, restaurant,
retail, spa, pool and meeting rooms.


Prior to the zoning submission Archi-Tectonics did the feasibility study and
programming for the client. The project is currently in the construction document
phase. See “Portfolio” section for more information.

Recent Built Work


We studied the generative aspects of temporal modulations in the design of the
3000 sf GT-residence and the 1500 SF quest house located Upstate New York. The
house’s structural center resides in a generative core that, although originating in
the ground floor, achieves its full form and function in the second floor. This core,
the ARMATURE, is a centrally located “smart structure” integrating kitchen, bathrooms,
fireplace, heating and cooling systems, and a central music system.

The 80,000 sf mixed-use Greenwich project [2004] is another example; this elevenstory
building has as its main feature a custom-designed curtain wall. We developed
the geometry and engineering of the curtain wall through a 3-D computer
model, distributing it globally to all parties involved including our consultants,
fabricators, and installer. This guaranteed exact measurements and facilitated the
production of the 2D shop drawings. The curtain wall’s aluminum mullions were
extruded in Hong Kong, its double glazed panels folded in Barcelona and its units
assembled in Brooklyn.

Commercial spaces include Art Galleries in Soho and Chelsea such as ChristineRose
Gallery [1996] and Bitforms [2001] , and Corporate offices such as the 25,000 sf
Duggal Digital Headquarters [1999] and the 8000sf Gear Magazine offices [1998].
Residential work includes several extensive loft conversions; among others, the
5000sf Wooster Loft in Soho, the 4000sf NF Loft in the Theatre Building, several
lofts in our Greenwich Building, and we just finished a 3000sf Prefabricated
Residence in Holland [2008]

The American Loft Tower [57,000 sf] was just completed in Philadelphia. It creates
a special condition; the parking lot slips under the tower and the tower, delicately
balancing on its one edge, lifts up to allow this to occur. Its 40 residential apartments,
two penthouses, and two townhouses have spatial lay-outs, large balconies
and modern utilities. Poured in place concrete allowed for spacious cantilevers and
its façade was prefabricated to shorten construction time and to allow for the use
of innovative materials.

Currently under construction are the mixed-use LRH building [28.000sf], the
Residential V33 Building [77,000 sf], the Cibani Residence [5000 sf] and the Duane
Spa [10,000 sf] in NYC, and the Q-Tower [55,000 sf] in Philadelphia. For the ‘green’
Q-Tower we are incorporating geo-thermal energy, and other smart robotic
systems developed with the MIT Media Lab. Furthermore, in design-phase are a 18
story Tower in Midtown Manhattan, a large Commercial development in Time
Square, the Setai Hotel & Condominiums [300,000 sf] in Philadelphia, as well as Ten
Retail Pavillions in the Park [300,000 sf] in Brussels, Belgium.
Design Approach


Research is at the center of Archi-Tectonics’ practice, not only internally but also
through the cooperation with highly experienced professionals such as innovative
structural engineers, Sustainability experts and the MIT Media Lab.


Architectonics is a leading supplier of aluminium window and door systems for use in commercial and residential buildings. Working closely with our dealer installers we specialise in replacement and new build aluminium architectural systems for schools and public buildings.



Operational Architectonics framework of brain-mind functioning
It is well established currently that multiple oscillations, which occur in a large number of distributed oscillatory networks ( transient neuronal assemblies), underlie the presence of percepts, cognitive operations and eventually consciousness (Basar et al., 2003). It is supposed that the balance of autonomy and connectedness of different transient neuronal assemblies in the brain sustains brain-mind health (for review, see Fingelkurts et al., 2005b; see also Kelso, 1995; Freeman, 2003). Functional connectivity, which is defined as the temporal correlation between spatially remote neurophysiological events (Friston et al., 1993), is believed to serve as the mechanism for such a balance, leading to the coordination (or discoordination) of activity between different neural systems (dynamic cell assemblies across the cortex) (for review, see Stam et al., 2003; Fingelkurts et al., 2005a). Thus, functional connectivity between brain areas may be of major value in explaining perception, cognition and phenomenal consiousness by providing essential link between psychological and biological processes (Fingelkurts et al., 2005a).
There are two resent theoretical frameworks which accommodate the dynamical and self-organizational properties of transient neuronal assemblies: they are Coordination Dynamics (Kelso, 1995; Bressler and Kelso, 2001) and Operational Architectonics (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2001, 2006). According to these frameworks complex cognitive functions are critically based on the dynamical interactions between and within many cortical neuronal assemblies (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2005). Furthermore, if the neural level alteration involves changes in the communication between different functional modules in the brain, then they should be associated with changes in the underlying EEG activity (synchrony between different brain areas, see recent synthesis and review Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2006). Thus, by focusing on the functional connectivity locally and among remote cortical areas in the brain during different mental states or different neuron- and psychopathological conditions, it is possible to better understand the mechanisms which are responsible for them.
Until recently, most of the research on functional connectivity in the brain concentrated on the coherence and phase synchrony studies. However, these methods have serious drawbacks and limitations (for a review see Fingelkurts et al., 2005a).
Structural (operational) EEG synchrony analysis (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2001) offers a more direct measure to study both local and remote cortex functional connectivity. Compared to coherence and other synchronicity measures, the advantage of structural EEG synchrony measure is that it is sensitive to EEG nonstationarity, and utilizes explicitly the notion of neurophysiological events, as well as local and large-scale levels of description (Fingelkurts et al., 2005a). EEG nonstationarity implies that the EEG signal consists of quasi-stationary segments that reflect the changes in local metastable states of the brain on different time scales (for the recent review, see Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2004). Within the period of such segments neurons participating in the neuronal assembly are functionally synchronized (Fell et al., 2000). Such transient neuronal assemblies maintain discrete elemental brain operations some of which have phenomenal/subjective ontology in addition to the neuro-physiological one. Therefore, the analysis of EEG segmental characteristics enables to study the local functional cortex connectivity.
About Archi-Tectonics
Archi-Tectonics is a team of highly qualified architects. The studio operates like a laboratory: a philosophy based upon combining the theoretical with the pragmatic, research and application. Our team expresses itself in the rethinking, reinvestigating and reinterpreting of all project details and possibilities while still read more maintaining high efficiency in its work and 'setting the bar' for customer service and design in the competitive field of modern architecture.


Since 1994, Archi-Tectonics has been a leader in modern intelligent architectural design and research. Archi-Tectonics work ranges from residential to commercial, from real to virtual and is realized in urban designs, architectures, and installations. Along with the two Monographs, 'Winka Dubbeldam, Architect' [1996, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam], and AT-INdex [2007, Princeton Press, NYC], Archi-Tectonics' work has been published in a large number of international periodicals. Current projects under construction are: the 9-story residential Vestry building in Tribeca, NYC, the American Loft tower and a GHM hotel/residences tower in the center of Philadelphia, and a large retail / green area in the city center of Brussels, Belgium. Winka received the 'Emerging Voice' award [2001], and A-T was the award winner in the IIDA/Metropolis Smart

About
Northern Liberties is an upcoming trendy neighborhood, with small-scale structures and a mix of interesting cultures and people. The developer, Gagan Lakhmna, of CREI, realized the fact that what we build now is not merely a building, but a creation, a creation that will be one of the most significant investments, for many read more people, of their lives. The building will also have a lasting impact on the neighborhood, this is even more true for an urban architecture.

The American Loft building is one of its kind; it will feature a `green` sloping parking lot, which will slide or slope under the building to reveal the equally sloping bottom of the building. The parking lot will be a real green park, with trees and a grass covered parking lot.

The building is conceived as something between an Urban Villa and a Tower. It was crucial for it to be kept to an intimate scale, to match the scale of the neighborhood, as well as to avoid the monotonous repetition usual of bigger buildings. Its intimate natural plaster and Alucobond exterior will integrate fluidly in the streetscape. The concept of interlocking L-shapes allows for the integration of generous balconies with curtainwall facades. Forty open-plan lofts have generous views through large windows and are finished with modern European appliances and finishes.

As the building is completely built from natural materials, it will be low-maintenance and low energy use, a real `green building`




About
Ecology (from Greek: οίκος, oikos, "household"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of an organism includes both physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors such as insolation (sunlight), climate, and geology, and biotic factors, which are other organisms that share its habitat. The word "ecology" is often used more loosely in such terms as social ecology and deep ecology and in common parlance as a synonym for the natural environment or environmentalism. Likewise "ecologic" or "ecological" is often taken in the sense of environmentally friendly. [WIKIPEDIA]

SOUNDSCAPE - The Client requested 10 pavilions in a new park to be located on a tunnel under Avenue Louise in Brussels. The relationship between the pavilions and the park, the ‘in-between space’, is based on a music piece [ with fast and slow rhythms, high and low tones, specially composed for the site. It helped integrate the built structures [the Pavilions] with the green zones [the Park], in one fluid movement, where one easily moves in and out of the space.

SMART ECOLOGY - The pavilions in the park are developed as a 'green' zone, both in the sense of natural green and incorporated nature [greenhouses] and in the sense of self-sustainability. Solar collectors provide energy, collected rainwater provides water for the park and green houses and also expresses itself in fountains providing cooling through 'misting'.

THE ART OF SHOPPING – Shopping here as a 'Green' experience has incorporated greenhouses with orchids, bamboo, etc., separating the different shopping pavilions and creating filtered daylight through the plants. The pavilions are connected below ground and separated in the park; large suspended gardens provide sunshading and rain protection while strolling from one pavilion to the other.

SMART SKIN – the structural skin of the building is a continuous thin concrete membrane spanning the space, integrated skylights provide natural light and a soft glow. The skin incorporates all heating and cooling systems.


About
Extension: The existing 3400 sf [316 m2] brownstone townhouse is a Landmark, located in Chelsea, NY. The existing structure will be gut-renovated and a 550 sf [52 m2] garden extension will be added of 2 floors and a roof terrace. The client, a fashion designer, is interested in a ‘textured’ approach.

Fluidity: The new back extension, is conceived as a light airy space which creates a filter to the garden space beyond, adding more light and better views. The curvy façade structure is digitally 3d printed of a reclaimed tropical wood by a car design company in California. Their CNC milling machine can mill objects of 20’ wide, the facade was luckily 18’ wide!

The curved wood ‘frame’ will be finished with a light steel and glass infill. It extends the library on the garden level, the living room on the parlor floor and a terrace for the master bedroom area above. The interior of the townhouse will get a new sculpted staircase with a skylight above, lighting the space all the way down. Large sets of sliding doors at the living and bedroomareas are creating flexible use of space; these doors are again 3d CNC milled with wood and glass patterns.

About
The 2500 sf Dub residence, located in Germany, was conceived as the intersection of two basic volumes; a low stone volume flanking the street with a wooden T-volume crossing over and cantilevering out over the garden.

PREFAB- Using prefabricated construction techniques, the Residence was constructed in 3 days and fully finished in 6 weeks. This short and predictable process eliminates the usual stress a client has related to unforeseen costs and unpredictable construction time. On the other hand it adds a high quality and precision to the construction and the engineering. The 15’ cantilever was essentially built as a wooden composite beam without the addition of any steel.

The stone ground floor volume contains living, dining, kitchen and master bed-, and bathrooms. Perched above the stone volume is the cantilevered second floor with a double-height atrium to the office, where one also finds storage rooms and the guestbed-, and bathrooms. This lightweight box of wood and glass is angled towards the garden and ends with a generous balcony. Its cantilever creates a shadowed terrace below directly off of the master bedroom.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY/LOW MAINTENANCE - The prefab panels provide a very high insulation level, which reduces energy consumption. The use of glass at strategic
places allows for passive solar energy. The radiant floor system guarantees an efficient heating and cooling system. The choice of natural materials for the exterior promotes a natural ‘aging’ process and a very low maintenance level: untreated reclaimed Ipe siding for natural resistance to decay & weathering; reclaimed wood window & door framing with 1’ insulated glass units.

Prefabrication helped us to make the Dub Residence an affordable intelligent building with 6 weeks construction time.







About
The integration of the existing building with the new 11 story steel & glass structure, will instigate a mediation between past and present. In the narrow crease rising between the two structures a set of cantilevering balconies will juxtapose and differentiate between the old and the new, the urban and the private, thus inserting an interactive space into an otherwise neutral streetscape. The Greenwich building has as its main feature a fully custom and innovative glass curtain wall, a light suspended waterfall of insulated bent glass panels, the first of its kind.

ARCHI-TECTONICS: NEW YORK / SHANGHAI

Firm History
Winka Dubbeldam is the principal of Archi-Tectonics NY, founded in 1994 and
[2008]. Archi-Tectonics has been featured in a multiplicity of International professional
journals and in the two monographs “Winka Dubbeldam Architect” by 010
publishers [1996], and “AT-INdex” [2007] by Princeton Press, NY.


Solo Exhibits include: “Con-Texture” in the Form Zero Gallery in Los Angeles [1994]

which then moved to the Kunsthalle in Rotterdam [1996] and to the Dessa Gallery in
Lljublana [1996]. “From Hardware to Softform” in the Frederieke Taylor Gallery NYC
[2002] was built with the MIT Media Lab, and then moved to the Art and Idea
Gallery in Mexico-City [2004]. In addition Archi-Tectonics has participated in the
following group exhibitions; the PAN exhibit [2006] in the Taylor Gallery, NYC,
MOCA’s “Skin and Bones”, Los Angeles [2006 - 2007], The London Biennale [2006],
the Venice Biennale [2004], “A New World Trade Center” in Max Protetch Gallery,
included our interactive installation ”Flex City”, also featured at the Venice Biennale
[2002]. Archi-Lab Orleans, France [2000 & 2001], and the Museum of Modern Art
exhibitions “Young Architects” [2001] and the “UnPrivate House” exhibit [1999].
including the recent Staten Island Sustainable Housing Competition [winner] and
the Houthaven Competition in Amsterdam. Among others, Dubbeldam received
the “Emerging Voice” award from the Architectural League NYC in 2001 and was
nominated as “The Best and Brightest” by Esquire Magazine, Dec 2004. In 2006
Archi-Tectonics received the IIDA / Metropolis “Smart Environment Award”.
















Philosophy and Design Concepts



laboratory: a philosophy based upon combining the theoretical with the pragmatic,
research with construction. The team spirit expresses itself in an aim to re-think, reinvestigate
and re-interpret all project details. We analyze and research programthe
use of hybrid materials and smart building systems. We emphasize communication
and input with our clients to enrich the project, and have a team of acknowledged
consultants and engineers to provide full expertise. The use of digital project
but even more; construct surprising and innovative structures.
amenities. In this way the wall provides not only all program requirements but also
void.



“Abstract and skeletal, Dubbeldam’s folds imbue this salon with an unmistakable
elegance and sophistication while maintaining an equal measure of tectonic clarity,
aesthetic economy, and purpose” writes Henry Urbach in Interior Design [Feb. 2001]








V33 residential condominium





(www.33vestry.com): Currently under construction,
this 33,000 SF multi-unit building is located in the Tribeca-Mixed Use special
zoning district and the Landmark Tribeca Historic District. Archi-Tectonics obtained
a certificate of appropriateness for new construction from the Landmarks Preservation
Commission, who has used the project as an exemplary example of an appropriate
modern building in historic context. Archi-Tectonics also helped obtain a
variance from the Board of Standards and Appeals for a change to residential use
for this site. Archi-Tectonics designed the building and all construction details,
and the full interiors, uniquely for each unit, geared towards the high-end residential
market. The building has parking in the cellar that is accessed from the street via
an automobile elevator.
Houthaven Pier, Amsterdam: Archi-Tectonics’ was one of three firms to be invited
in 2006 to compete for the design a mixed-use pier development containing 250
housing units and 10,000 square meters of commercial space. A three-dimensional
branching strategy is utilized to cultivate a ‘mini-neighborhood’ rather than a
monolithic ‘mega-building.’ This project is detailed on the following pages in this
section.










Green Design – “A state of mind”

Archi-Tectonics’ research focuses on achieving efficiencies that express themselves
in optimal modulations, which are also expressed in energy-efficiency and
sustainability. Archi-Tectonics has recently received the Smart Environment Award
from the IIDA & Metropolis for the GW//8B loft in the Greenwich Building. We
designed both the building and the loft. The Greenwich building features a highly
insulated glass skin, passive solar energy, and renewable building materials to
generate a comfortable living environment and energy-efficient building
.
This has been further developed in the Q-tower, a 14 story mixed-use residential
condominium in Philadelphia, which was designed as a completely integrated
sustainable building in cooperation with the MIT Media Lab, Boston. The building
features a geothermal heating and cooling system transferring medium ground
temperature to heat pumps distributed throughout the building. The envelope is
designed to be 35% more efficient than department of energy requirements. The
pre-fabricated envelope fully encloses the thermal mass of the concrete floor slabs
to provide maximum heating/cooling retention. Other innovations include
window screens on sensors reacting to sunlight, and lighting control systems on
sensors and dimmers designed to reduce energy-use, and low-impact materials
and appliances throughout.



The LRH project in New York City’s Little Italy, currently under construction, is the
gut-renovation of an existing 6-story brick light manufacturing building. The building
is being converted to residential condominiums with a commercial and restaurant
tenants on the lower levels. Archi-Tectonics is working with the client to
achieve a LEED gold certification, which will be a first for a residential conversion in
New York City. The building is designed to accommodate a geothermal heating
and cooling system, which will be the first residential conversion in the city to use
geothermal.



ARCHI-TECTONICS: NEW YORK / SHANGHAI




This allows us to introduce intelligent systems into the generation of design, providing
the opportunity to rethink the urban environment in ways are overlooked by
traditional methods. With the aid of 3-D modeling software, we analyze and
research programmatic efficiencies, urban specificities, material innovations, and
are investigating the use of hybrid materials and smart building systems.
Within the framework of a large-scale urban development, our approach is to
analyze and map existing and potential conditions, and use this information to
develop generative systems that will enfold the multiple and complex performance
requirements of the development within a single and coherent solution. Archi-
Tectonics has broad experience with complex, mixed-use projects that negotiate
the functions of the building with surrounding urban environment. Below are
outlined Archi-Tectonics specific experience with issues of the full-service
approach, planning and zoning, and sustainable design.
Full-Service in all phases



Several of Archi-Tectonics Architectural projects have required changes in zoning,
special approvals related to individual districts such as landmarks districts, and
approvals for changes of use. Several projects have required zoning approvals for
individual sites. In addition, Archi-Tectonics has been a finalist for several large-scale
urban design competitions, including the Designing the High Line competition in
New York [jurors mention], and invited competitions such as Houthaven Pier in
Amsterdam, the Schoonhoven New Urban Plan, the Drents Museum, in The Netherlands
and recently won the Design Competition for a Sustainable new residential
and retail neighborhood in Staten Island New York [2007]. A few examples are:
The 497 GW project (www.greenwichstreetproject.com): Completed in 2004, this
11 story, 80,000 SF multi-unit residential loft condominium combines new construction
with the renovation of an existing warehouse. Archi-Tectonics obtained
approval for a change of use to residential occupancy from the New York City Board
of Standards and Appeals. This included variances for set-back requirements and
balconies. Archi-Tectonics designed the building, made the construction documents
and provided construction administration and supervision. We also designed
several loft interiors in the building, as well as the general areas such as the guest
apartment, the gym, pool and sauna area, wine room and screening room. The
project has served as a catalyst for development in the surrounding neighborhood,
the first of a string of new high-end residences in the area. See the “Portfolio”
section for more information on this project.
Setai Hotel / Condominiums: In Center City Philadelphia, Archi-Tectonics did the
complete zoning analysis and prepared the zoning application for this new 300,000
mixed-use building containing a 145 room hotel, 32 condominium units, restaurant,
retail, spa, pool and meeting rooms.


Prior to the zoning submission Archi-Tectonics did the feasibility study and
programming for the client. The project is currently in the construction document
phase. See “Portfolio” section for more information.














Recent Built Work


We studied the generative aspects of temporal modulations in the design of the
3000 sf GT-residence and the 1500 SF quest house located Upstate New York. The
house’s structural center resides in a generative core that, although originating in
the ground floor, achieves its full form and function in the second floor. This core,
the ARMATURE, is a centrally located “smart structure” integrating kitchen, bathrooms,
fireplace, heating and cooling systems, and a central music system.

The 80,000 sf mixed-use Greenwich project [2004] is another example; this elevenstory
building has as its main feature a custom-designed curtain wall. We developed
the geometry and engineering of the curtain wall through a 3-D computer
model, distributing it globally to all parties involved including our consultants,
fabricators, and installer. This guaranteed exact measurements and facilitated the
production of the 2D shop drawings. The curtain wall’s aluminum mullions were
extruded in Hong Kong, its double glazed panels folded in Barcelona and its units
assembled in Brooklyn.

Commercial spaces include Art Galleries in Soho and Chelsea such as ChristineRose
Gallery [1996] and Bitforms [2001] , and Corporate offices such as the 25,000 sf
Duggal Digital Headquarters [1999] and the 8000sf Gear Magazine offices [1998].
Residential work includes several extensive loft conversions; among others, the
5000sf Wooster Loft in Soho, the 4000sf NF Loft in the Theatre Building, several
lofts in our Greenwich Building, and we just finished a 3000sf Prefabricated
Residence in Holland [2008]






The American Loft Tower [57,000 sf] was just completed in Philadelphia. It creates
a special condition; the parking lot slips under the tower and the tower, delicately
balancing on its one edge, lifts up to allow this to occur. Its 40 residential apartments,
two penthouses, and two townhouses have spatial lay-outs, large balconies
and modern utilities. Poured in place concrete allowed for spacious cantilevers and
its façade was prefabricated to shorten construction time and to allow for the use
of innovative materials.
Currently under construction are the mixed-use LRH building [28.000sf], the
Residential V33 Building [77,000 sf], the Cibani Residence [5000 sf] and the Duane
Spa [10,000 sf] in NYC, and the Q-Tower [55,000 sf] in Philadelphia. For the ‘green’
Q-Tower we are incorporating geo-thermal energy, and other smart robotic
systems developed with the MIT Media Lab. Furthermore, in design-phase are a 18
story Tower in Midtown Manhattan, a large Commercial development in Time
Square, the Setai Hotel & Condominiums [300,000 sf] in Philadelphia, as well as Ten
Retail Pavillions in the Park [300,000 sf] in Brussels, Belgium.
Design Approach







Research is at the center of Archi-Tectonics’ practice, not only internally but also
through the cooperation with highly experienced professionals such as innovative
structural engineers, Sustainability experts and the MIT Media Lab.
ARCHI-TECTONICS: NEW YORK / SHANGHAI
























Architectonics is a leading supplier of aluminium window and door systems for use in commercial and residential buildings. Working closely with our dealer installers we specialise in replacement and new build aluminium architectural systems for schools and public buildings.




































Operational Architectonics framework of brain-mind functioning
26 June 2008

t is well established currently that multiple oscillations, which occur in a large number of distributed oscillatory networks ( transient neuronal assemblies), underlie the presence of percepts, cognitive operations and eventually consciousness (Basar et al., 2003). It is supposed that the balance of autonomy and connectedness of different transient neuronal assemblies in the brain sustains brain-mind health (for review, see Fingelkurts et al., 2005b; see also Kelso, 1995; Freeman, 2003). Functional connectivity, which is defined as the temporal correlation between spatially remote neurophysiological events (Friston et al., 1993), is believed to serve as the mechanism for such a balance, leading to the coordination (or discoordination) of activity between different neural systems (dynamic cell assemblies across the cortex) (for review, see Stam et al., 2003; Fingelkurts et al., 2005a). Thus, functional connectivity between brain areas may be of major value in explaining perception, cognition and phenomenal consiousness by providing essential link between psychological and biological processes (Fingelkurts et al., 2005a).

There are two resent theoretical frameworks which accommodate the dynamical and self-organizational properties of transient neuronal assemblies: they are Coordination Dynamics (Kelso, 1995; Bressler and Kelso, 2001) and Operational Architectonics (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2001, 2006). According to these frameworks complex cognitive functions are critically based on the dynamical interactions between and within many cortical neuronal assemblies (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2005). Furthermore, if the neural level alteration involves changes in the communication between different functional modules in the brain, then they should be associated with changes in the underlying EEG activity (synchrony between different brain areas, see recent synthesis and review Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2006). Thus, by focusing on the functional connectivity locally and among remote cortical areas in the brain during different mental states or different neuron- and psychopathological conditions, it is possible to better understand the mechanisms which are responsible for them.

Until recently, most of the research on functional connectivity in the brain concentrated on the coherence and phase synchrony studies. However, these methods have serious drawbacks and limitations (for a review see Fingelkurts et al., 2005a).

Structural (operational) EEG synchrony analysis (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2001) offers a more direct measure to study both local and remote cortex functional connectivity. Compared to coherence and other synchronicity measures, the advantage of structural EEG synchrony measure is that it is sensitive to EEG nonstationarity, and utilizes explicitly the notion of neurophysiological events, as well as local and large-scale levels of description (Fingelkurts et al., 2005a). EEG nonstationarity implies that the EEG signal consists of quasi-stationary segments that reflect the changes in local metastable states of the brain on different time scales (for the recent review, see Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts, 2004). Within the period of such segments neurons participating in the neuronal assembly are functionally synchronized (Fell et al., 2000). Such transient neuronal assemblies maintain discrete elemental brain operations some of which have phenomenal/subjective ontology in addition to the neuro-physiological one. Therefore, the analysis of EEG segmental characteristics enables to study the local functional cortex connectivity.


About Archi-Tectonics
Archi-Tectonics is a team of highly qualified architects. The studio operates like a laboratory: a philosophy based upon combining the theoretical with the pragmatic, research and application. Our team expresses itself in the rethinking, reinvestigating and reinterpreting of all project details and possibilities while still maintaining high efficiency in its work and 'setting the bar' for customer service and design in the competitive field of modern architecture.


Since 1994, Archi-Tectonics has been a leader in modern intelligent architectural design and research. Archi-Tectonics work ranges from residential to commercial, from real to virtual and is realized in urban designs, architectures, and installations. Along with the two Monographs, 'Winka Dubbeldam, Architect' [1996, 010 Publishers, Rotterdam], and AT-INdex [2007, Princeton Press, NYC], Archi-Tectonics' work has been published in a large number of international periodicals. Current projects under construction are: the 9-story residential Vestry building in Tribeca, NYC, the American Loft tower and a GHM hotel/residences tower in the center of Philadelphia, and a large retail / green area in the city center of Brussels, Belgium. Winka received the 'Emerging Voice' award [2001], and A-T was the award winner in the IIDA/Metropolis Smart Environments Award [2006].
collapse






About
Northern Liberties is an upcoming trendy neighborhood, with small-scale structures and a mix of interesting cultures and people. The developer, Gagan Lakhmna, of CREI, realized the fact that what we build now is not merely a building, but a creation, a creation that will be one of the most significant investments, for many people, of their lives. The building will also have a lasting impact on the neighborhood, this is even more true for an urban architecture.

The American Loft building is one of its kind; it will feature a `green` sloping parking lot, which will slide or slope under the building to reveal the equally sloping bottom of the building. The parking lot will be a real green park, with trees and a grass covered parking lot.

The building is conceived as something between an Urban Villa and a Tower. It was crucial for it to be kept to an intimate scale, to match the scale of the neighborhood, as well as to avoid the monotonous repetition usual of bigger buildings. Its intimate natural plaster and Alucobond exterior will integrate fluidly in the streetscape. The concept of interlocking L-shapes allows for the integration of generous balconies with curtainwall facades. Forty open-plan lofts have generous views through large windows and are finished with modern European appliances and finishes.

As the building is completely built from natural materials, it will be low-maintenance and low energy use, a real `green building`










About
Ecology (from Greek: οίκος, oikos, "household"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment. The environment of an organism includes both physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors such as insolation (sunlight), climate, and geology, and biotic factors, which are other organisms that share its habitat. The word "ecology" is often used more loosely in such terms as social ecology and deep ecology and in common parlance as a synonym for the natural environment or environmentalism. Likewise "ecologic" or "ecological" is often taken in the sense of environmentally friendly. [WIKIPEDIA]

SOUNDSCAPE - The Client requested 10 pavilions in a new park to be located on a tunnel under Avenue Louise in Brussels. The relationship between the pavilions and the park, the ‘in-between space’, is based on a music piece [ with fast and slow rhythms, high and low tones, specially composed for the site. It helped integrate the built structures [the Pavilions] with the green zones [the Park], in one fluid movement, where one easily moves in and out of the space.

SMART ECOLOGY - The pavilions in the park are developed as a 'green' zone, both in the sense of natural green and incorporated nature [greenhouses] and in the sense of self-sustainability. Solar collectors provide energy, collected rainwater provides water for the park and green houses and also expresses itself in fountains providing cooling through 'misting'.

THE ART OF SHOPPING – Shopping here as a 'Green' experience has incorporated greenhouses with orchids, bamboo, etc., separating the different shopping pavilions and creating filtered daylight through the plants. The pavilions are connected below ground and separated in the park; large suspended gardens provide sunshading and rain protection while strolling from one pavilion to the other.

SMART SKIN – the structural skin of the building is a continuous thin concrete membrane spanning the space, integrated skylights provide natural light and a soft glow. The skin incorporates all heating and cooling systems.







About
Extension: The existing 3400 sf [316 m2] brownstone townhouse is a Landmark, located in Chelsea, NY. The existing structure will be gut-renovated and a 550 sf [52 m2] garden extension will be added of 2 floors and a roof terrace. The client, a fashion designer, is interested in a ‘textured’ approach.

Fluidity: The new back extension, is conceived as a light airy space which creates a filter to the garden space beyond, adding more light and better views. The curvy façade structure is digitally 3d printed of a reclaimed tropical wood by a car design company in California. Their CNC milling machine can mill objects of 20’ wide, the facade was luckily 18’ wide!

The curved wood ‘frame’ will be finished with a light steel and glass infill. It extends the library on the garden level, the living room on the parlor floor and a terrace for the master bedroom area above. The interior of the townhouse will get a new sculpted staircase with a skylight above, lighting the space all the way down. Large sets of sliding doors at the living and bedroomareas are creating flexible use of space; these doors are again 3d CNC milled with wood and glass patterns.





About
The 2500 sf Dub residence, located in Germany, was conceived as the intersection of two basic volumes; a low stone volume flanking the street with a wooden T-volume crossing over and cantilevering out over the garden.

PREFAB- Using prefabricated construction techniques, the Residence was constructed in 3 days and fully finished in 6 weeks. This short and predictable process eliminates the usual stress a client has related to unforeseen costs and unpredictable construction time. On the other hand it adds a high quality and precision to the construction and the engineering. The 15’ cantilever was essentially built as a wooden composite beam without the addition of any steel.

The stone ground floor volume contains living, dining, kitchen and master bed-, and bathrooms. Perched above the stone volume is the cantilevered second floor with a double-height atrium to the office, where one also finds storage rooms and the guestbed-, and bathrooms. This lightweight box of wood and glass is angled towards the garden and ends with a generous balcony. Its cantilever creates a shadowed terrace below directly off of the master bedroom.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY/LOW MAINTENANCE - The prefab panels provide a very high insulation level, which reduces energy consumption. The use of glass at strategic
places allows for passive solar energy. The radiant floor system guarantees an efficient heating and cooling system. The choice of natural materials for the exterior promotes a natural ‘aging’ process and a very low maintenance level: untreated reclaimed Ipe siding for natural resistance to decay & weathering; reclaimed wood window & door framing with 1’ insulated glass units.

Prefabrication helped us to make the Dub Residence an affordable intelligent building with 6 weeks construction time.












About
The integration of the existing building with the new 11 story steel & glass structure, will instigate a mediation between past and present. In the narrow crease rising between the two structures a set of cantilevering balconies will juxtapose and differentiate between the old and the new, the urban and the private, thus inserting an interactive space into an otherwise neutral streetscape. The Greenwich building has as its main feature a fully custom and innovative glass curtain wall, a light suspended waterfall of insulated bent glass panels, the first of its kind.












About
Wrapping itself over and along an existing renovated six-story warehouse, the GW 497 building creates a suspended glass waterfall on the edge of New York City’s SoHo district. Eleven stories in height, the structure defines itself as a reinterpretation of the city’s strict building setback regulations. A process of mathematical inflection of the glass planes was introduced to provide a system that would transform the segmented façade into a more continuous set of glass ripples, thus creating a folded vertical landscape of glass and steel.

The 3200 s.f. Schein Loft is located on the eighth floor of the building, above the existing warehouse. The interior spaces are arranged as a series of overlapping zones rather than enclosed rooms. This open layout, in addition to the windows that are on all sides of the unit, welcomes a relationship to the outside and emphasizes views of the city.

Terraces are located on the East and West façades, one extending from the master bedroom and the other from the residence’s generous living and dining space. The latter, which overlooks the Hudson River towards the West, is accessed through the faceted glass curtain wall. Natural [west] sunlight floods the interior living spaces through this side of the building, allowing for passive solar energy to be gained by the concrete floor in the wintertime. This double-glazed façade acts not only as an impressive viewport to the city but is in fact a highly insulating element for the home. Two layers of ¼” glass with heat-absorbing low-e film on the outside layer make for a quiet internal environment and for a stable climate with little additional heating and cooling. The lighting, ceiling fans and the window shades, which react to climactic changes, are efficiently controlled by an intelligent home system.

The interior spaces are intended to be comfortable and relaxing, withdrawing the residents from the busy urban environment below. Natural materials inundate the spaces while the spine, a sculptural structure that runs through the loft, defines boundaries softly rather than rigidly and provides an aesthetic language that is casual and warm. The structure is composed of a thin black metal frame and recycled bogwood veneer, an oakwood that, after having been buried in peat bogs and preserved from decay, is naturally stained by tannins in a blond and black pattern.

As the main artery of the loft, the spine distributes the private spaces adjacent to its organic structure and moves light and air from one end of the residence to the other. It holds a freely suspended ceiling plane, which provides cooling, heating and fresh air, thanks to a built-in humidifier and air purification system. The music room, guest bathroom, master bedroom and adjacent bathroom grow from this smooth and softly lit axis.

Essentially an extension of the living quarters, the master bathroom has a spa-like and escapist quality, complete with overflow bath and steam shower. Other interior features include a 7 ft long fireplace, built from materials from local stone quarries, and art storage areas that are integrated into the anatomy of the residence, either as extensions of the bogwood structure or as spaces concealed by pivoting walls that seamlessly blend into the space.

All these elements combined - the environmental, spatial and aesthetic considerations – make of the Schein Loft a most adequate place for finely-tuned living, a sense of balance and order permeating the whole.






About
Located in Philadelphia’s dynamic Northern Liberties neighborhood, The Q Tower is a 24-unit tower with an elevated ground floor world-class restaurant. The building occupies a previously vacant lot and continues the catalytic growth that the area is currently experiencing. The building has been developed as a ‘smart’ tower, with integrated systems reactive to its inhabitants. Our collaboration with Ted Selker of the Context Aware Computing Lab at MIT Media Lab is aimed toward integrating interactive living environments, developing the tower as a ‘learning’ structure. The MIT Media lab is recognized for its work in creating environments that use sensors and artificial intelligence to create so-called virtual sensors, adaptive models of users to create keyboard-less computer scenarios. Sensor technologies will facilitate the interaction of the users with the tower as a unit: RFID controlled ‘contactless’ fast-pass access, robotic storage, smart controls, with sensors for lighting, sound, and air-conditioning all increase ease of use and energy-efficiency. The collaboration has produced a wide range of innovations in the building systems: an in-car Smart Pass allows automatic parking access, will register the delivery ‘Smart Closets,’ and give feedback to a virtual doorman. All this will make the tower a responsive structure, easy to inhabit.

Each living unit has been designed to be ‘special’ to its inhabitant. Algorithmic rule sets allocate room type and variation based on programmatic relationships, transparency percentage, and change in transition angles. All possible room transitions—experienced here as potential windows—are made available as an algorithmic set. Each potential transition is considered before the optimal window subset is chosen and the next decision tree is started. All trees are looping and linked, and are therefore affected by both past and future decisions. The result is an envelope that is able to respond fluidly to both the dynamic programmatic conditions within the building and to itself, re-thinking the relationship of window and façade to allow them to be integral to one another. The FTF—or file-to-factor—method was developed so that single continuous metal sheets can be shaped by computer-driven equipment according to algorithmically generated geometries, which are generated in a parametric software. This approach permits the structures to be modeled and easily fabricated, translating into reasonable costs.

As environmental concerns increase, so too must we increase our responsible use of natural resources. Q-Tower is off the grid, using geo-thermal energy, smart lighting, and cooling controls on sensors. The use of local, recycled materials—glass-asphalt, recycled aluminum—and intelligent appliances further reduces the use of energy and resources.